------------------------------------
- a collection of essays on Neodruidic Studies
- a journal of Post-Reconstructionist Neopaganism

Showing posts sorted by date for query old man. Sort by relevance Show all posts
Showing posts sorted by date for query old man. Sort by relevance Show all posts

Saturday, February 4, 2017

The BEGINNING of the END of WINTER !



So then, can I interest any of you in my campaign to re-educate our pagandom regarding this godzawful "Ooooh it's Imbolc, it's SPRINGTIME!!" - stuff? 

When my own astronomically-informed, folk-calendrically obsessive heightened seasonal sensitivity collides with what I perceive as sloppy Pagan scholarship, I literally flinch at every instance of the above that I encounter.

Y'see, there's a thousand years of folk references from Britain, Scotland, and the Continent (and who knows how much from preliterate times,) reinforcing the popularity of the Candlemas weather tradition of this likely being the midpoint in the span of winter's weather.

The old Irish references to Imbolc being the "beginning" of spring stand as an anomaly in relation to this larger body of European lore and IMO it's likely to the fact that the winters are far more mild in Ireland due to it being embraced in the warm waters of the "North Atlantic Drift" (related to the Gulf Stream). And, yes, I understand that American Neopagans find utility in this early spring reckoning since many of them live in the US' south and southwest...

Regardless, the February Crossquarter is neither a strictly Irish property, nor is the old Irish take on winter's run appropriate to the majority of the "Celtic" lands. For most of them and most folks folks now, the February Crossquarter is the BEGINNING of the END of Winter and not so much the "beginning of spring".


( check back here later, I may expand this post further...


---------- NOTES:


1.) So, what is Irish weather like? See:
http://www.ireland.com/.../discover.../irelands-weather/

2.) It mostly all started with this quote from the Irish hero tales:

"No man will travel this country," she said,
"who hasn't gone sleepless from
Samain, when the summer goes to it's rest, until
Imbolc, when the ewes are milked at spring's beginning; from Imbolc to
Beltine at the summer's beginning and from Beltine to
Bron Trogain,* earth's sorrowing autumn.”


That’s Emer, reproaching Cu Chulainn, in the Irish tale “Tochmarc Emire” (The wooing of Emer), from a 15th Century text possibly copied from a 10th Century original. This is the oldest citation known for a fourfold description of the Irish year… / * “Bron Trogain” is generally assumed to be a name for Lughnassadh.

3.) Let's not forget that the cultures that contemporary scholars deem "Celtic" were first developing around 1100 BCE, deep in central Europe (Austria and thereabouts,) and expanded westward, reaching and Celticizing Britain and then finally coming to Ireland last, between 600-400 BCE.

4.) So, when "does" a season begin or end ?
See my essay: FUZZY LOGIC and the WHEEL of the YEAR

Sunday, December 18, 2016

A SONG for the SEASON


Carvings and photo by earrach


Here's a holiday a song I've been working on... 
It combines a beautiful old shape-note hymn's tune with my own lyrics, lyrics which are intended to blend-in the feel of our long passage from November's bleak Wasteland to the very heart of Yuletide and the Sun's return. The reasoning and imagery of its mythic theme are detailed in my pieces about the post-Samhain Wasteland, and in particular, my essay titled "The Old Man at the End of the Year".


My song is called "The Great Wheel is Turning" 

and the MP3 of me singing it is HERE... 

- the recording at this point is pretty rough, my "studio skills" are very poor but I couldn't hold on another year to share it, it means very much to me and I'm rather proud of it in concept. Please consider singing it yourself, wherever, if you like it...

-----------------------------------------------
The Great Wheel is Turning
Lyrics (c) 2015 Earrach of Pittsburgh; 

The tune is from the Kentucky shape note hymn Brightest and Best (Ritchie Family version)


Through the grey Wasteland of No-vembers twilight
Long-lost we wandered o’er hilltop and moor...
Thanksgiving’s past and at length we discover
Many miles henceforth the smoke from a hall

    (Could)’this be the hearth of our year-ending mystery?
     Will we meet He who will show us the way?

Trudging long onward through cold rain and snowfall
(With)’hope in our hearts we each persevere-on.

Comes now the Yuletide, the Sun’s de-scent en-ding
Standing astride the threshold ‘tween the years
En-ter the corridor on the Night of the Mo-thers
The sacred old cycle of Twelve Nights begun.

On the first morn of our bright Sun’s returning
let us rejoice and all raise up in song…

With eve-ry day now the Great Wheel’s ascending
(Pro)’claiming-its promise that Life will go on.

On the first morn of our bright Sun’s returning
let us rejoice and all raise up in song...

With ev-ry day now the Great Wheel's ascending
(Pro)claiming its-promise that Life will go on. 


----------------------------

A printable PDF file of these lyrics can be downloaded here...

With Yuletide blessings to all.

DECEMBER SOLSTICE 
occurs at 5:44 AM Eastern Standard Time
Wednesday, Dec. 21st, 2016




Here’s a trove of Book of Sassafras 

YULETIDE goodies from days of yore…


"Bah- humbug?" - No way... 
Yes, Christians should keep
"the Christ in Christmas", 
but
YULETIDE
belongs to everybody!

The three faces of the Spirit of the Yule and
the Fractal Mystery of the Twelve Nights
between Solstice Eve and New Years Eve...

The oldest records of Yuletide may be from
England of the Dark Ages, not Germany...

Don't overlook these basic themes when creating
ritual celebrations for the December Solstice...

WHY is it the LONGEST NIGHT?
It's just that simple, if you view it from the appropriate angle...

 Yes, it's true, you can hear the year turn...


Looking for  D R U I D  - ish 
Y U L E T I D E   T U N E S  ?
Check these out:
by Steeleye Span 


on their holiday album


EoP

================================ 

Friday, December 18, 2015

So WHY is it the LONGEST NIGHT ?

EoP

And, there ya' go. 

The dashed line is the path of an average city in the US (or the UK) as it circles the North Pole at the December Solstice. Just look at how much time we spend in the dark compared to the light! The whole rest of the year the margin of the Earth's day/night boundary (formally known as the Earth's "terminator") falls inside the Arctic Circle, which in our diagram here is marked as the heavy-black circle encompassing the central dot which represents the North Pole. 


compare with June Solstice shown at bottom of page. )

The modernized name is actually the "December Solstice"
since it's only the "winter..." solstice for us in the Northern Hemisphere.
For folks in Argentina, South Africa or Australia, it's their "Summer" solstice.


-------------------------
W A S S A I L  !
With Yuletide blessings to you and yours
for a BLESSED YULETIDE...
The 2015 Yule Solstice stick... broken at 11:48 PM Eastern...

With Yuletide blessings to all.

DECEMBER SOLSTICE 
occurs at 11:48 PM Eastern Standard Time
Monday, Dec. 21st, 2015




Here’s a trove of Book of Sassafras 

YULETIDE goodies from days of yore…


"Bah- humbug?" - No way... 
Yes, Christians should keep
"the Christ in Christmas", 
but
YULETIDE
belongs to everybody!

The three faces of the Spirit of the Yule and
the Fractal Mystery of the Twelve Nights
between Solstice Eve and New Years Eve...

The oldest records of Yuletide may be from
England of the Dark Ages, not Germany...

Don't overlook these basic themes when creating
ritual celebrations for the December Solstice...

 Yes, it's true, you can hear the year turn...


Looking for  D R U I D  - ish 
Y U L E T I D E   T U N E S  ?
Check these out:
by Steeleye Span 

on their holiday album


EoP

================================ 

((  * For comparison, here's the JUNE Solstice...



Saturday, March 14, 2015

OSTARA – OSTSHMARRA!

HAPPY EASTER !



Ostara (1884) by Johannes Gehrts
The word "EASTER" is just as
pagan a word as YULE.

Why, it's arguably even "more" pagan than the word Yule.

So, why should we rob the power of that fact
by continuing to use the (non-historical*) word
"Ostara" instead?

It's time to stop.

It's time to start saying "Easter"
the same way we say "Yule".

Per the one authoritative ancient source we have, the Venerable Bede's 
de Temporum Ratione, written around 730 C.E., in a chapter titled "The English Months"(1.) we are told that "Eostre" ( Eastre in Anglo-Saxon), the name of a goddess, was given in the pagan Dark Ages to what we count as March and April. It bears consideration that Bede reckons the equinox itself as falling on the "12th calends of April" (= March 21st) which is consistent with modern astronomical standards (March 20th if not 21st). This parallels Bede, elsewhere in the same work providing also our earliest detailed ancient source on the word "Yule" (guili) as being their name for the turning of the year at the December Solstice. The details do seem to specify the December Solstice itself as being referred-to as "Yule" as well as being the name of month bridging the end December into January.

Now, yes, there have been challenges to the reliability of Bede's ethnographic and linguistic assertions but the matter is far from settled to the complete exclusion of Bede's material (Hutton, 1996; Shaw 2011).

Only Christians speaking English or German use the word "Easter" for the celebration of Christ's resurrection. ALL the other languages use some variant of "Pascha". For all we know, the Dark-Ages missionaries from the British-Isles who Christianized the continent brought the custom of using the old pagan name with them from England.

SO NEOPAGANS SHOULD BE FREE TO CONSIDER
THE TIME OF THE MARCH EQUINOX AS THEIR "EASTER"

and not have to worry about it being any more suspect on a scholarly basis than the dozens of assumptions made by reconstructionists on far less substantive grounds.

(( Yesss, let's not have me take to task, say, the scholarly rigor we and they apply in our cocksure elevation of every single character in the Irish and Welsh corpus to divinity, eh? Ok, enough of that for now; just back off on my man Bede. ))


Again, please, just reflect on how well this has been working for us with "Yule" and how continuing the "ostara" word-usage just robs us of the validity and power of the ultimately familiar word Easter.



Wishing you and yours 
a Blessed Eastertide,


- Earrach

--------------------------------------
(1.) The Venerable Bede on the origin of Easter:


“Eosturmonath has a name now translated as ‘Paschal Month’, and which was once called after a goddess of theirs called Eostre, in whose honour feasts were celebrated in that month. They now designate the Paschal season by her name, calling the joys of the new rite by the time-honoured name of the old observance.”

Wallace, Faith. Bede: The Reckoning of Time. Liverpool, UK: Liverpool University Press, 1999. pp 53, 54

----------------------------------------------
* "OSTARA",  the non-historical spelling - is the form found everywhere these days in Wiccan literature but actually found nowhere in the ancient record. The word Ostara was first suggested in the 1835 by Jacob Grimm of the Brothers Grimm as his speculation of how it -may- have been spelled in ancient Germany. Bede's citation (De Temporum Ratione, 730 C.E.) of the name Ostre or Eastre seem to be the oldest historical mention to be found, yet neither he nor any other historical source give the "ostara" spelling.
-----------------------------------
Professor RONALD HUTTON on Bede's references to Easte:
"There remains, however, the problem of why the Germanic-speaking areas of Europe, in sharp contrast to the others, did not derive their name for this celebration from the Passover, but from a term which is rendered into modern German as Ostern and modern English as Easter. On the face of it, the issue ought to have been solved by Bede in the early eighth century, as part of his work on the calendar mentioned earlier. He declared that the name had derived from that of a goddess, Eostre, after whom the month in which Easter fell had been dubbed the ‘Eostur’-month. This passage has been so often quoted without any inspection or criticism that it is necessary to stress that it is subject to all the reservations lodged by Tille against Bede’s assertions concerning the ‘Mother Night’, cited in the section dealing with Christmas. It falls into that category of interpretations which Bede admitted to be his own, rather than generally agreed or proven fact. A number of German scholars cast doubt upon its utility during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, although not with sufficient evidence to disprove it in turn. Two facts do seem to emerge from the discussion. One is that versions of the name given by Bede were used widely among speakers of Germanic languages during or shortly after his time; thus the Christian festival was known as Ostarstuopha in the Main valley during the eighth and ninth centuries. The other is that the Anglo-Saxon eastre, signifying both the festival and the season of spring, is associated with a set of words in various Indo-European languages, signifying dawn and also goddesses who personifed that event, such as the Greek Eos, the Roman Aurora, and the Indian Ushas. It is therefore quite possible to argue that Bede’s Eostre was a Germanic dawn-deity who was venerated, appropriately, at this season of opening and new beginnings. It is equally valid, however, to suggest that the Anglo-Saxon ‘Estor-monath’ simply meant ‘the month of opening’ or ‘the month of beginnings’, and that Bede mistakenly connected it with a goddess who either never existed at all, or was never associated with a particular season but merely, like Eos and Aurora, with the dawn itself. 


With the removal of this shadowy deity from the canon of historical certainty, there evaporates any reliable evidence for a pre-Christian festival in the British Isles during the time which became March and April. It may be that there was none, the ancient inhabitants being wholly taken up with ploughing, sowing, and caring for young livestock. Alternatively, some of the later Easter rites and customs may echo practices which attended old feasts of which we have now lost sight. Of one thing alone it is possible to be confident; that, although the timing of the feast of the Resurrection was dictated by historical accident, it could not have fallen at a more appropriate point of the European calendar, when so much in nature conduced to a mood of celebration and renewal."

Hutton, Ronald (1996). Stations of the Sun: A History of the Ritual Year in Britain (pp. 180-181). Oxford University Press.

RELEVANT LINKS:

WHAT ARE YOU DOING FOR EASTRE?

http://thebookofsassafras.blogspot.com/2012/03/what-are-you-doing-for-eastre.html  
FUZZY LOGIC solves the endless dispute over “when” a season begins or ends !
http://thebookofsassafras.blogspot.com/2013/05/fuzzy-logic-and-wheel-of-year.html

BREAK A STICK in half at the sacred moment and nab some big Mojo? see:
http://thebookofsassafras.blogspot.com/2013/12/the-power-of-impending-moment.html

The DRUIDS’ ALMANAC – lots more related fun stuff here:
http://thebookofsassafras.blogspot.com/p/my-annual-druids-almanac.html

EASTER "FAKELORE"  debunking internet Ishtar-Easter B.S., thanks Ian !
http://intothemound.blogspot.com/2014/04/easter-fakelore.html 
T'WAS JUST A WEE BUNN! (remembering the 2004 Easter Bunny Massacre)
http://thebookofsassafras.blogspot.com/p/twas-just-wee.html 


Solstice/Equinox Terminator Square  (c) 1994, 2004 Earrach 



Friday, December 19, 2014

BLESSINGS to ALL - YULETIDE TROVE 2014

Here’s a trove of Yuletide goodies from days of yore…
WASSAIL !
With Yuletide blessings to you and yours… 

DECEMBER SOLSTICE 
occurs at 6:03 PM Eastern Standard Time
Sunday, Dec. 21st, 2014

"Bah- humbug?" - No way... 
Yes, Christians should keep
"the Christ in Christmas", 
...but   YULETIDE  belongs to everybody!

The three faces of the Spirit of the Yule and
the Fractal Mystery of the Twelve Nights
between Solstice Eve and New Years Eve...

The oldest records of Yuletide may be 
from England of the Dark Ages, not Germany...

Don't overlook these basic themes when creating
ritual celebrations for the December Solstice...

 Yes, it's true, you can hear the year turn...


Looking for DRUID-ish 
YULETIDE TUNES ?
Check these out:
by Steeleye Span 



on their holiday album


Tuesday, December 17, 2013

A Merry Druid YULETIDE to All!

Here’s a trove of Yuletide goodies from days of yore…
With Yuletide blessings to you and yours… WASSAIL !

DECEMBER SOLSTICE 
occured at 12:11 PM Eastern Standard Time
Saturday, Dec. 21st, 2013

"Bah- humbug?" - No way... 

The three faces of the Spirit of the Yule and
the Fractal Mystery of the Twelve Nights
between Solstice Eve and New Years Eve...

The oldest records of Yuletide may be 
from England of the Dark Ages, not Germany...

Don't overlook these basic themes when creating
ritual celebrations for the December Solstice...

 Yes, it's true, you can hear the year turn...


Looking for DRUID-ISH 
YULETIDE TUNES ?
Check these out:
by Steeleye Span 
on their holiday album
"Winter"





Friday, May 3, 2013

FUZZY LOGIC and the WHEEL of the YEAR


DUALISM, PLURALISM, 
FUZZY LOGIC  and THE WHEEL of the YEAR




Is Yule the beginning of Winter ?

Is Yule the middle of Winter ?


Is Imbolc the middle of Winter?


Is Imbolc the end of Winter ?


Is Imbolc the beginning of Spring ?


Is the Vernal Equinox the end of Winter ?


Is the Vernal Equinox the beginning of Spring ?


Is Beltaine the middle of Spring ?


Is Beltaine the end of Spring?


Is Beltaine the beginning of Summer? 



Ok then... 

What if I tell you that the answers to all of the above are actually “YES” ? 


Individually considered, many of the above seem to be “true”, yet collectively they seem to contradict each other. This brings into focus an area of dispute among modern pagans which actually frames some old time philosophical principles and one revolutionary new field of logic, one in which modern scholars from every domain from physics to sociology are making discoveries that will change the future of human thought.

In a debate with Al Gore in October of 2000, employing his typically brilliant “repartee”, George W. Bush described Gore’s economic plans as employing “fuzzy math”, thereby for many years muddying the public’s ability to apprehend a legitimate new field in the sciences with the unfortunate name “Fuzzy Logic”. At that point, it seems Bush was trying to imply that by nature, math is confusing and not to be trusted. As you may imagine, that did not go over well with the mathematicians(1.). But if I suggest to you we should consider the application of “Fuzzy Logic” when discussing the Wheel of the Year, what would that be about? Ok, we’ll get to that in a bit, but first things first…

DUALISM vs. PLURALISM ?

This was always a favorite topic of our founder, Isaac Bonewits. From being exposed to his constant references to these principles I’ve condensed my understanding of them into the two definitions below…

Dualism:
A philosophic principle limiting systems of thought into “either-or” sets of two principles assumed to be mutually-exclusive: True vs. False; Good vs. Evil; Love vs. Hate; Matter vs. Spirit; Mind vs. Body; Man vs. Nature

Pluralism:
A system of thought which allows for more than one seemingly contradictory view to be held at once. Challenges the notions of “absolutes” upon which systems like Dualism are founded. - earrach (2.)

Yes, Isaac, ADF, myself, and much of Neopaganism were onboard with this (pluralistic) type of thinking long before any of us ever heard of that odd-sounding term “Fuzzy Logic” emerging from the halls of academia.

FUZZY LOGIC ?

One needs to realize from the start that 
the word “fuzzy” in the name is not a quality judgment;
it’s actually referring to this new mode of thought's intentional methodology. Fuzzy Logic is a serious attempt to model the world more accurately and productively than is possible from a dualistic viewpoint. We're not talking unicorns and rainbows here, we're talking life and death, and dollars and cents.



Take a bite out of an apple. And another. And so on… Although we definitely started with the state of (“an apple” = “true”), at what point is it no longer “an apple” and therefore, (“an apple” = “false”)? With the first tiny square 1/32nd of an inch of the apple your teeth remove, is it still “an apple”? Once you have eaten 61% of the apple’s mass, is it still “an apple”? So then, as you continue, when does it cease being “an apple”?


fig.1., Fuzzy Logic behind the wheel of your car

Now, looking at the example fuzzy-logic diagram above and, understanding that the vertical (“truth”) axis increases from zero (“false”) to 1.0 (“true”), then try replacing the terms “slow”, “medium”, and “fast” with other term-sets like:

       “cold”, “medium”, and  “hot”
       
       “young”, “middle aged”, and  “old”
       
        ( Make a fresh drawing if you have trouble visualizing these alternate versions… )
       
With these simple examples, we can easily see what the scholars working on Fuzzy Logic mean when they say

      “Truth is not a binary proposition. 
       In the real world, truth is simply a matter of degree.” (3.)



SO, WHEN DO SEASONS “BEGIN” OR “END” ?

There's lots of folks inside and outside of Paganism who feel that there's something cold or unnatural about the seasonal quarter divisions on the calendar often assuming that the astronomical quarterdays have no "real" functional connection to the changes in weather and greenery. Their arguments are almost always fixated on regional variances in climate and agrarian activity alone. How often have we heard the following kind of statement?:

“The date that a season begins varies with local climate, so it's kind of silly for there to be a declaration that a solstice or equinox is the first day, no matter where one lives. In Irish and Germanic lore Summer Solstice is "Midsummer", not the beginning of Summer. In Celtic folklore the festivals are often called "fire festivals" or by similar terminology. I assume this is because bonfires were usually an important part of the festivities. On Imbolc, depending on where one lived (climate at that time of year in the north of Scotland will vary significantly from that in the south of Ireland, for instance), people were less likely to have outdoor bonfires, but fire is still an important part of the festival in the form of hearthfires, candles, and the focus on Brighid, who is a Goddess of the fires of the hearth and smithy and the fires of inspiration (among many other things).” 
- Kathryn NicDhàna (4.) 

Well, yuck. As a self-styled “astronomer-priest”, enraptured by solstices and equinoxes and such, quotes like the above always paralyse me in frustration by its multiple whammy of a dozen missed points and, well… it is the reason compelling me to write this very essay. Nonetheless, don’t get me wrong, Kathryn is a careful editor of Wikipedia topics touching on Celtic Reconstructionism (“CR”) and her comments are generally more than worthy of one’s attention.  But then


Heh…

fig.2., Fuzzy Logic solves the Dualistic Paganthink 
regarding the seasons and the Wheel of the Year !

(Uh huh.)


SO, "When - do - the seasons begin and end?" 

The most appropriate answer here is  "THEY DON'T".

They simply increase or decrease in degree, relative to their proximity to the seasons to which they are adjacent.

IMO, "beginnings" and "endings" are simply human concepts and are not found in Nature...

==================================================
  
APPROPRIATE FRAMINGS for the term “SEASON”?

SEASONAL QUARTERS (astronomical/ calendrical) :   
“The annual spans of time framed by the solstices and their adjacent equinoxes.”  - The word "seasons" here is referring to the four sectors of the Earth's annual orbit of the Sun framed by the astronomical quarterdays.

Caveats
1.) The northern hemisphere's seasonal quarters carry their opposite names in the southern hemisphere: winter is summer; spring is autumn.  
2.) Actually not just a case of 365.242/4, each of the four "seasonal" sectors of the Earth's orbit contains a different number of days (northern nomenclature used here...):
     • Winter =    88 .99 days 
     • Spring =    92 .76 days 
     • Summer = 93. 65 days 
     • Autumn =  89. 84 days  
Regardless, "quarters" remains a common descriptive term for these four sectors framed by the quarterdays (solstices and equinoxes).

CLIMATIC SEASONS (weather based / agrarian) :   
The weather norms traditionally associated with a time of year in a general locale.”  See the above discussion of the critics of the astronomical/calendrical "quarters".

CaveatUltimately, all annual extended weather sequences are driven (CAUSED-DIRECTLY) by the effects framed by the solstices and equinoxes framing the seasonal quarters of the year. 


"THE YEAR IS BUT ONE GREAT DAY"…

A striking analogy can be seen by comparing the temperature of times of one day with the dates of the solstices and equinoxes relative to the typical temperature extremes found throughout the year: 

Midnight ( = least Sun, but not coldest time yet), followed by the

Wee-Hours ( when then it’s the coldest.), 
    which, is not unlike
Yule Solstice ( = least sun, but not coldest time yetin relation to
Jan. / Feb. ( when then it’s the coldest.)

Noon ( = highest Sun, but not the hottest time yet), followed by
Mid-afternoon ( = when then it’s the hottest.)
    which, is not unlike
June Solstice ( = highest Sun, but not the hottest time yet.), followed by
July / Aug. ( = when then it’s the hottest.)


SO, the "seasons" of a day and the seasons of a year are remarkably similar in basically the same ways when we consider the effect of the lag in temperature relative to the quartered framework in time. With the Sun at its very highest, Noon is an obvious quarter-point of the day, yet the day will not reach its hottest for a couple more hours, during "mid-afternoon". Still, this does not really detract from the primacy in the cycle that we see in the moments of midnight and noon, or of the December and June solstices; they still are clearly the source of the effects that follow.

So, when larger systems appear to us as being wonderfully resonant of the earlier forms on which they are built at the miniature scale, we remember that we as reflective observers are forever fixed at the junction between the macroscopic and microscopic domains and we cannot help but recall 
the Hermetic maxim...


"As above, so below"...
( When in doubt, consult your local cauliflower... )

       --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         
NOTES 

1. http://www.nytimes.com/2000/10/06/opinion/l-bush-vs-gore-debate-aftermath-fuzzy-math-520543.html   


2, Earrach of Pittsburgh (2003), 
"Do You Believe in the Gods and Goddesses ? Part II "
from Belief and Neopagan Spirituality :  
http://thebookofsassafras.blogspot.com/p/neopaganism-and-belief.html 

3. Kesko, Bart  Fuzzy Thinking, the New Science of Fuzzy Logic, NY Hyperion, 1993

4. From Kathyrn’s comments on  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Wheel_of_the_Year